O que é um sistema formalizado de acordos comerciais entre grupos de países é conhecido como

Preparação de SSC-GK.

SSC CGL Preparação-GK.

Banco de perguntas do SSC-GK.

1. Quem dentre os seguintes participou de todas as Três Conferências da Mesa Redonda?

(a) B. Ambedkar (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah.

(d) Subhash Chandra Bose.

2. Quem foi o primeiro Governador Geral foi da Índia livre?

a) C. Rajagopalachari b) Rajendra Prasad c) Lord Mountbatten.

(d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

3. Qual dos seguintes é conhecido como a alma da Constituição?

(a) Direitos Fundamentais (b) Princípio da Diretiva da Política Estadual.

c) O Preâmbulo (d) Direito a Recursos Constitucionais.

4. Qual dos seguintes é conhecido como a consciência da Constituição?

(a) Direito à liberdade de religião (b) Princípios da Diretiva da Política Estadual.

5. O famoso médico Jivaka foi associado ao tribunal de __________.

a) Bimbisara b) Kanishka c) Prasenajeta.

6. Onde está o planejamento econômico incluído na Constituição da Índia?

(a) Lista de Estados (b) Lista de União (c) Lista Simultânea (d) Lista de Residuários.

7. ___________ é extraído da bauxita.

(a) Prata (b) Urânio (c) Mercúrio (d) Alumínio.

8. Qual das seguintes é uma doença viral?

(a) Peste (b) Malária (c) Cólera (d) Pólio.

9. A capital foi transferida de Calcutá para Deli durante o mandato de _______.

(a) Lorde Minto (b) Lorde Hardinge (c) Lorde Curzon.

10. A linha Radcliffe demarca a fronteira da Índia com __________.

(a) Bangladesh (b) China (c) Nepal (d) Paquistão.

11. 15 de março é observado como o-

(a) Dia Mundial da Água (b) Dia Mundial da Deficiência.

c) Dia Mundial do Ambiente (d) Dia Mundial da Alfabetização.

12. A Assembléia Constituinte adotou a Constituição da Índia em _________.

(a) 15 de agosto de 1947 (b) 15 de agosto de 1950 (c) 26 de novembro de 1949.

(d) 26 de janeiro de 1950.

13. Quem dentre os seguintes nomeia o Presidente do Comitê de Contas Públicas?

(a) Presidente da Índia (b) Primeiro Ministro da Índia.

14. _____________ fornece recomendação sobre a distribuição de finanças entre o centro e os estados.

(a) Ministério das Finanças (b) Comissão de Finanças (c) RBI.

15. O conceito de "Princípios de Diretiva de Política de Estado" & # 8216; foi emprestado da constituição de qual entre os seguintes países?

a) França b) U. S.S. R. c) U. S.A. d) Irlanda.

16. Quem entre os seguintes é o Presidente da Comissão de Planejamento?

(a) Presidente (b) Primeiro Ministro (c) Ministro das Finanças (d) Governador do RBI.

17. Onde está localizado o lago Chilka?

(a) Bengala Ocidental (b) Kearala (c) Orissa (d) Tamil Nadu.

18. Qual é a idade mínima exigida para a eleição de Rajya Sabha?

(a) 18 anos (b) 25 anos (c) 30 anos (d) 35 anos.

19. Rabindranath Tagore desistiu de sua cavalaria em resposta a.

(a) Partição de Bengal (b) Press Act of 1910.

20. ___________was o convidado principal na ocasião do dia da república, 2012?

(a) Yingluck Shinawatra (b) Angela Merkel.

21. Ashoka tinha relações diplomáticas com Ptolomeu Filadelfo, que era o governante de ______________.

(a) Cirene (b) Egito (c) Macedônia (d) Síria.

22. A partição de Bengala foi feita durante o mandato de_______.

(a) Lorde Dalhousie (b) Lorde Wellesley (c) Lorde Curzon.

23. Após a prisão de Gandhiji, quem o substituiu como líder do Satyagraha Salgado?

(a) Abbas Tyabji (b) Rajendra Prasad (c) Lala Lajpat Rai.

(d) Vallabhbhai Patel.

24. Os deveres fundamentais foram incluídos na Constituição da Índia em _______.

25. Quem dentre os seguintes iniciou a Liga da Home Rule?

(a) Moti Lal Nehru (b) Nana Deshmukh.

26. A Durand Cup está relacionada com qual dos seguintes esportes?

(a) Críquete (b) Futebol (c) Hóquei (d) Golfe.

27. Amperímetro é usado para medir.

(a) diferença de potencial (b) correntes elétricas (c) pressão de gases.

28. _________ deu a permissão para estabelecer a Companhia das Índias Orientais na Índia.

(a) Jahangir (b) Aurangzeb (c) Shahjahan (d) Akbar.

29. O Forward Block foi fundado por.

(a) Lala Hardayal (b) Subhash Chandra Bose.

30. __________gave a ideia do Paquistão.

(a) M. A. Jinnah (b) Abul Kalam Azad.

c) Mohammad Iqbal d) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

31. Onde está localizada a Sede da Organização de Pesquisa Espacial da Índia?

(a) Trivandrum (b) Srihacrota (c) Bangalore (d) Chennai.

32. O templo de Somnath em Gujrat foi destruído por ______________.

(a) Mohammed Ghouri (b) Mahmud Ghaznavi (c) Changhez Khan.

33. Em qual dos seguintes estados está situado o santuário Periyar Wild-Life? a) Tamil Nadu b) Karnataka c) Kerala.

(d) Andhra Pradesh.

34. Diamante brilha por causa de.

(a) refração da luz (b) reflexão interna total da luz.

35. Qual dos seguintes fenómenos de luz está associado ao aparecimento da cor azul do céu?

(a) Interferência (b) Dispersão (c) Reflexão Interna Total.

36. Qual dos seguintes é o menor osso do corpo humano?

(a) Bico (b) Malleus (c) Estribo (d) Falanx.

37. Onde estão as línguas oficiais mencionadas na Constituição da Índia?

(a) 7º Programação (b) 8º Programação.

38. Quais são os Upanishads?

(a) Uma fonte de filosofia hindu (b) Livros sobre religião budista.

39. Qual dos seguintes Governadores Gerais está associado à Doutrina da Caducidade?

(a) Senhor Ripon (b) Senhor Dalhousie (c) Senhor Wellesley.

40. Quem entre os seguintes influenciou a Ashoka a adotar o budismo?

(a) Vishnu Gupta (b) Upa Gupta (c) Brahma Gupta.

41. _______ eliminou o direito à propriedade da lista de direitos fundamentais.

(a) 42ª Emenda (b) 62ª Emenda (c) 44ª Emenda.

(d) 43ª Emenda.

42. Quantos membros o Presidente pode nomear para o Lok Sabha?

(a) 2 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) Nenhum destes.

43. A duração do primeiro plano quinquenal foi.

44. ______________ é um corpo extra-constitucional.

(a) Comissão Linguística (b) Comissão de Planejamento.

c) Comissão Eleitoral (d) Comissão Financeira.

45. ____________ são conhecidos como os "sacos de suicídio" da célula.

a) Vacúolos b) Mitocôndrias c) Ribossomas.

46. Quais das seguintes são as linhas imaginárias unindo lugares da mesma altura em intervalos iguais?

(a) Hachures (b) Contornos (c) alturas dos pontos.

47. ___________ não é uma língua oficial das Nações Unidas?

(a) chinês (b) francês (c) alemão (d) árabe.

48. Quem entre os seguintes nomeia o Controlador e Auditor Geral da Índia?

(a) Primeiro Ministro (b) Presidente (c) Ministro das Finanças.

49. Como são os pastos temperados da América do Sul?

(a) Pampas (b) Estepes (c) Savana (d) Pradarias.

50. Quem entre os seguintes sinais da nota de uma rúpia?

(a) Secretário, Ministério das Finanças (b) Governador do RBI.

c) Ministro das Finanças d) Primeiro Ministro.

51. Quando a Índia adotou o sistema decimal de cunhagem?

(a) abril de 1995 (b) abril de 1957 (c) abril de 1958 (d) abril de 1959.

52. Existem três safras na Índia. Kharif e Rabi são dois deles. Qual é o terceiro?

(a) Barsati (b) Grama (c) Zaid (d) Khari.

53. Os cometas, também conhecidos como "bolas de gelo sujas", giram em torno do.

(a) Terra (b) Vênus (c) Sol (d) Júpiter.

54. ___________ não é um constituinte da prata alemã.

(a) Cobre (b) Níquel (c) Prata (d) Zinco.

55. De acordo com o censo de 2011, qual é a taxa de alfabetização (% da população) na Índia?

(a) 74% (b) 68% (c) 82% (d) 65%

56. Quem dentre os que se seguem apresentam a teoria da Drenagem Econômica da Índia durante o domínio britânico?

(a) W. C. Bannerji (b) Dadabhai Naoroji.

c) Pandit Nehru (d) B. G. Tilak

57. _________ foi criado o termo taxa de crescimento hindu para a economia indiana?

(a) Amartya Sen (b) C. Rangrajan (c) Raj Krishna.

58. Quantos tipos de provisões de emergência são mencionados em nossa constituição?

(a) Quatro (b) Dois (c) Cinco (d) Três.

59. Em que parte da Constituição da Índia se incluem os Princípios de Diretriz de Política de Estado?

a) Parte II b) Parte III c) Parte IV d) Parte VI.

60. Quem foi a primeira mulher indiana presidente do Congresso Nacional Indiano?

a) Sarojini Naidu b) Sucheta Kripalani c) Aruna Asaf Ali.

(d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.

61. Deficiência de vitamina B6 resulta em qual das seguintes doenças?

(a) Pelagra (b) Escorbuto (c) Beri-beri (d) Anemia.

62. __________é a camada mais baixa da atmosfera.

(a) Troposfera (b) Exosfera (c) Ionosfera.

63. Qual dos seguintes metais está presente na vitamina B12?

(a) Ferro (b) Magnésio (c) Zinco (d) Cobalto.

64. Qual das seguintes vitaminas é removida como resultado da lavagem de legumes descascados?

(a) A (b) C (c) D (d) E.

65. Uma pessoa que sofre de daltonismo vê vermelho como.

(a) Amarelo (b) Azul (c) Verde (d) Preto.

66. A duração do dia e da noite são iguais em.

(a) Equador (b) Pólo Sul (c) Meridiano Principal.

67. Qual das seguintes é a forma correta da terra?

(a) Esférico (b) Elíptico (c) Esferoide Oblato (d) Esferóide Prolado.

68. Qual dos seguintes artigos da constituição indiana autoriza o Presidente da Índia a impor emergência em um estado?

a) alínea b) do artigo 256.º Artigo 356.º, alínea c) Artigo 370.º, alínea d) Artigo 373.º

69. Quem foi o chefe do comitê de redação da Constituição indiana?

(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

70. ___________foi o primeiro não índio a ser premiado com Bharat Ratna? (a) Martin Luther King (b) Zubin Mehta (c) Madre Teresa.

d) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

71. Com que entre as seguintes está relacionada a Comissão de Sarkaria?

(a) Reformas Legislativas (b) Reformas Eleitorais (c) Reformas Judiciais.

(d) relações centro-Estado.

72. Quem entre os seguintes fundou a dinastia Lodi?

a) Ibrahim Lodi b) Sikandar Lodi c) Bahlol Lodi.

73. Quem escreveu o livro "India Divided & # 8217 ;?

(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Liaquat Ali.

74. Quem entre os fundadores fundou a religião "Din-E-Elahi"?

(a) Jahangir (b) ShahJahan (c) Akbar (d) Aurangazeb.

75. O intervalo entre duas sessões do parlamento não pode ser maior que.

(a) 3 meses (b) 6 meses (c) 9 meses (d) 12 meses.

76. O escritório do Presidente não pode ficar vago por um período de mais de (a) 6 meses (b) 9 meses (c) 12 meses (d) 3 meses.

77. ____________ é o comandante supremo das Forças de Defesa.

(a) O Ministro da Defesa (b) O Primeiro Ministro.

c) O Chefe do Estado Maior do Exército d) O Presidente.

78. Quem entre os seguintes foi a primeira mulher Governadora de um Estado indiano?

a) Fatima Biwi (b) Sucheta Kriplani.

c) Sarojini Naidu d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.

79. Quem foi a primeira mulher presidente do Congresso Nacional Indiano?

a) Sarojini Naidu b) Sucheta Kripalani c) Annie Besant.

(d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.

80. Quem entre os seguintes foi a primeira mulher Ministra Chefe de um Estado Indiano?

a) Kamla Nehru b) Sucheta Kriplani.

c) Sarojini Naidu d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.

81. Quem é conhecido como o pai de Panchayati Raj na Índia?

(a) Vallabh Bhai Patel (b) Vinobha Bhave (c) Senhor Ripon.

d) Balwant Rai Mehta.

82. Com qual das alternativas a seguir é "Operação Flood" associada?

a) Produção de leite b) Libertação de Goa c) Controlo de inundações.

(d) conservação da água.

83. RBI realiza operações de mercado aberto (OMO); a que o OMO se refere? (a) Compra e venda de capital (b) Transações em moeda estrangeira.

84. Onde está localizada a Mariana Trench?

a) Oceano Atlântico b) Oceano Pacífico c) Oceano Árctico.

d) Mar Mediterrâneo.

85. Qual das seguintes costas pertence a Kerala?

(a) Costa de Konkan (b) Costa de Malabar (c) Costa de Coromandel.

86. Quando pode o mandado de 'Habeas Corpus' ser emitido?

(a) Anexação injusta da propriedade (b) Violação da liberdade de religião.

87. O Canal do Suez conecta o Mar Vermelho com o.

a) Oceano Pacífico b) Oceano Atlântico c) Mar Cáspio.

d) Mar Mediterrâneo.

88. Quem dentre os seguintes elege o Presidente da Índia?

(a) Membros da Lok Sabha & amp; Rajya Sabha.

(b) Membros de ambas Assembléias Legislativas & amp; Conselhos Legislativos.

(d) Membros eleitos das duas Casas do Parlamento e membros das Assembléias Legislativas.

89. Qual dos seguintes órgãos é responsável pela estimativa do Rendimento Nacional?

(a) Instituto de Estatística da Índia (b) RBI.

90. ______________ é usado em fotografia.

a) Hidróxido de alumínio b) Brometo de prata.

c) Cloreto de potássio (d) Hidróxido de sódio.

91. Qual dos seguintes é a dança clássica de Andhra Pradesh?

a) Kathakali b) Kuchipudi c) Mohiniattam.

92. Quem foi a primeira pessoa a receber Bharat Ratna?

a) C V Raman b) C. Rajgopalachari c) Dr. Radhakrishnan.

(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

93. Emergência financeira foi mencionada em qual dos seguintes artigos de nossa Constituição?

a) Artigo 352.o, alínea b), artigo 356.o, alínea c), artigo 360.o, alínea d), artigo 370.o

94. Numismática é o estudo de qual dos seguintes?

(a) Moedas (b) Números (c) Carimbos (d) Espaço.

95. A força máxima de Lok Sabha (casa baixa) pode ser.

(a) 540 (b) 545 (c) 552 (d) 542.

96. “Stilwell Road” liga a Índia e ________.

a) Paquistão b) Nepal c) Mianmar d) China.

97. Quantos bancos foram nacionalizados em 1969?

(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 20 (d) 18.

98. Quem entre os seguintes foi o Editor de "Young India" e "Harijan"?

(a) Nehru (b) Ambedkar (c) Mahatma Gandhi.

(d) Subash Chandra Bose.

99. Qual das seguintes danças folclóricas / tribais está associada ao Gujarat?

a) Yakshagana b) Rauf c) Husari d) Tippani.

100. Quem dentre os que se seguem podem convocar uma Sessão Conjunta de Lok Sabha & amp; Rajya Sabha?

a) O Presidente b) O Primeiro-Ministro c) O Presidente da Lok Sabha d) O Vice-Presidente.

101. O famoso médico, Charak foi associado com a corte de _______.

a) Harsha Vardhan b) Bimbisara c) Ashoka d) Kanishka.

102. Quem preside a Sessão Conjunta das duas Casas do Parlamento?

a) O Presidente b) O Primeiro-Ministro c) O Presidente da Lok Sabha d) O Vice-Presidente.

103. Quem dentre as seguintes introduziu moedas de couro?

(a) Sikandar Lodhi (b) Mohammad Tuglak (c) Razia Sultan.

104. A aceleração devido à gravidade nos pólos.

(a) é menor que no equador (b) é maior que no equador.

(d) não depende da aceleração centrípeta da terra.

105. O papel do sódio líquido em um reator nuclear é o de a.

(a) refrigerante (b) combustível (c) moderador (d) smasher atômico.

106. O que é o distrito de Anantapur em Andhra Pradesh famoso por?

(a) Cobre (b) Alumínio (c) Mica (d) Ouro.

108. Em qual dos seguintes rios é construída a barragem de Nagarjunasagar?

(a) Krishna (b) Chambal (c) Kosi (d) Sutlej.

109. Quem dentre os seguintes jogadores de críquete escreveu o livro “Cricket My Style”?

(a) Sunil Gavaskar (b) Adam Gilchrist (c) Kapil Dev.

d) Shoaib Akhtar.

110. Onde fica a sede do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça?

(a) Paris (b) Genebra (c) Nova Iorque (d) Haia.

111. _________ não é uma fonte de receita para o governo central.

(a) Imposto Aduaneiro (b) Imposto sobre Sociedades (c) Imposto sobre Rendimentos Agrícolas.

112. Onde Buda atingiu a iluminação?

a) Sarnath b) Bodh Gaya c) Kapilavastu d) Lumbini.

113. A quem o Presidente do Lok Sabha deve endereçar sua carta de renúncia?

(a) Primeiro Ministro (b) Presidente (c) Vice-Presidente do Lok Sabha.

(d) Presidente do Rajya Sabha.

114. ‘Servos da Sociedade da Índia’ foi fundada por.

(a) G. K. Gokhale (b) M. G. Ranade (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

(d) Mahatma Gandhi.

115. O que é renda nacional?

(a) PNN ao preço de mercado (b) PNN ao custo do fator.

116. _______ é a mudança oficial na taxa de câmbio da moeda nacional.

(a) Valorização (b) Depreciação (c) Reavaliação.

117. Onde fica o único parque nacional flutuante do mundo?

(a) Manipur (b) Bangladesh (c) Kerala (d) Kula Lumpur.

118. ______________ não é um método de estimar a renda nacional.

a) Método do valor acrescentado (b) Método do rendimento.

c) Método de investimento (d) Método da despesa.

119. Qual dos seguintes é usado na vulcanização de borracha?

(a) Enxofre (b) Silício (c) Carbono (d) Fósforo.

120. Durante os períodos de inflação, as taxas de imposto devem.

(a) aumentar (b) diminuir (c) permanecer constante.

121. A duração máxima para a qual uma Portaria Presidencial pode permanecer em vigor é.

(a) 3 meses (b) 6 meses (c) 12 meses (d) 9 meses.

122. Qual sistema cambial segue a Índia?

(a) Sistema de taxa de câmbio fixa (b) Taxa de câmbio flutuante.

c) Sistema de taxas de câmbio indexadas (d) Sistema de taxas de câmbio geridas.

123. Quem dentre os que se seguem é conhecido como o “Pai do Autogoverno Local” na Índia?

(a) Senhor Canning (b) Senhor Ripon (c) Senhor Curzon.

(d) Senhor Hardinge.

124. Qual dos seguintes é um Imposto Direto?

a) Imposto sobre o rendimento (b) Imposto sobre vendas (c) Imposto sobre consumos específicos (d) Imposto sobre serviços.

125. Quem, entre os seguintes, fez a declaração "Democracia é o governo do povo, pelo povo, para o povo"?

(a) John F. Kennedy (b) Winston Churchill (c) Abraham Lincoln.

d) Theodore Roosevelt.

126. A arte ou técnica de fazer mapas ou cartas é conhecida como.

(a) Geologia (b) Cartografia (c) Mapeamento (d) Fotogrametria.

127. Uma gota de água é esférica por causa de.

(a) Tensão superficial (b) Alta pressão (c) Resistência ao ar.

d) Densidade da água.

128. O papel de um fio de fusível usado no circuito elétrico de uma casa é.

(a) regular a corrente (b) de um dispositivo de aceleração.

c) de um dispositivo de segurança (d) de um dispositivo redutor.

129. O que é gelo seco?

(a) nitrogênio super resfriado (b) gelo purificado (c) dióxido de carbono sólido.

(d) gelo super refrigerado.

130. O que é nylon?

(a) Poliéster (b) Polietileno (c) Poliamida.

(d) Um polissacarídeo.

131. _____________ também é conhecida como a Doença Real.

(a) Albinismo (b) Leucemia (c) Hemofilia (d) daltonismo.

132. Um rinoceronte com chifres é encontrado em.

(a) Periyar (b) Floresta de Gir (c) Kaziranga (d) Kanha.

133. Vande Matram, nossa canção nacional, foi cantada pela primeira vez na sessão de Calcutá do Congresso Nacional Indiano em.

134. Em que entre os estados seguintes são as colinas de Khasi e Jaintia localizadas?

(a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Meghalaya (c) Manipur (d) Nagaland.

135. Qual das seguintes opções é representada nas pinturas de Ajanta?

(a) Jainismo (b) Budismo (c) Saivismo (d) Vasihnavism.

136. As guerras de Carnatic foram travadas entre.

(a) O Nawab de Carnatic e os britânicos (b) Os britânicos e os franceses.

137. Quem entre os seguidores foi adorado pelo povo da civilização do Vale do Indo?

(a) Pashupati (b) Indra e Varuna (c) Brahma (d) Vishnu.

138. _________é o poluente de metal mais venenoso do escapamento de automóveis (a) Cobre (b) Chumbo (c) Cádmio (d) Nenhuma das alternativas acima.

139. Da qual entre as seguintes partes são as fibras de algodão obtidas?

(a) Folhas (b) Semente (c) Caule (d) Raiz.

140. O peso de um corpo é.

(a) O mesmo em toda parte na terra (b) Máximo nos equadores.

141. O gabinete do vice-primeiro-ministro.

(a) Foi criado sob a constituição original.

(b) É um crescimento constitucional extra.

(d) Foi criado pela 85ª Emenda.

142. _________ é o único estado na Índia que possui um Código Civil Comum.

(a) Jammu & amp; Caxemira (b) Mizoram (c) Nagaland (d) Goa.

143. Não há provisão na constituição da Índia para o impeachment de.

(a) O Presidente da Índia (b) O Governador de um estado.

144. O sultão de Delhi que trouxe o pilar de Ashoka para Delhi foi.

(a) Firozshah Tughlaq (b) Jalaluddin Khilji.

c) Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq d) Qutub-ud-din Aibak.

145. ___________é o autor do livro "India Wins Freedom"

(a) Abdul Kalam Azad (b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

c) Jawahar Lal Nehru (d) Lal Bahadur Shastri.

146. Em qual dos seguintes lugares Mahatma Gandhi lançou a primeira campanha de Satyagraha?

a) Bardoli b) Baroda c) Champaran d) Dandi.

147. Quem dentre os seguintes fundou o Satya Shodhak Samaj?

(a) B. R. Ambedkar (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Jyotirao Phule.

148. ________foi o governante medieval que introduziu o sistema de "patta" e "qabuliyat" para ajudar os agricultores.

a) Alauddin Khilji b) Giyassudin Tughlaq.

149. Que entre as dinastias seguintes construíram os famosos templos de rocha de Elephanta?

(a) Chalukya (b) Chola (c) Pallava (d) Rashtrakuta.

150. Em que ano Gandhi lançou o movimento de não-cooperação?

151. Quando a partição de Bengala foi cancelada?

152. De qual entre os seguintes a Índia obtém a precipitação máxima?

a) Monção Nordeste (b) Monção Noroeste.

c) Monção Sudoeste (d) Monção Sudeste.

153. Onde está localizado o "Dakshin Gangotri"?

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Karakoram (c) Himalaia (d) Antártida.

154. Qual das dinastias seguintes estabeleceu a primeira república do mundo em Vaishali?

(a) Mourya (b) Nanda (c) Gupta (d) Lichhavi.

155. Perto de qual dos seguintes continentes está situada a Grande Barreira de Corais? (a) América do Sul (b) Europa (c) Austrália (d) África.

156. Quem entre os seguintes estrangeiros foi premiado com Bharat Ratna?

(a) Nelson Mandela (b) Bill Clinton (c) Aung San Suu Kyi.

(d) Lula da Silva.

157. Com qual dos seguintes campos o Prêmio Pulitzer está associado?

(a) Jornalismo (b) Ciência (c) Esportes (d) Indústria.

158. Qual dos seguintes instrumentos é usado para medir a pressão arterial?

(a) Esferômetro (b) Anemômetro (c) Esfigmomanômetro.

159. No caso de os cargos do Presidente e do Vice-Presidente estarem vagos, quem atuaria como Presidente da Índia?

(a) O Primeiro Ministro (b) O Chefe de Justiça da Índia.

160. __________ era o imposto que os reis do período védico usavam para coletar do povo.

(a) Bali (b) Vidatha (c) Chungi (d) Kara.

161. Qual das seguintes medidas é medida pelo anemômetro?

(a) direção do vento (b) velocidade do vento (c) gradiente de pressão.

(d) umidade do ar.

162. Qual das seguintes células tem o menor poder regenerativo?

(a) células do cérebro (b) células musculares (c) células ósseas.

163. Quais das seguintes células são responsáveis pela produção de anticorpos?

(a) glóbulos vermelhos (b) neutrófilos (c) linfócitos.

164. Qual dos seguintes é a fonte da enzima diastase?

(a) glândula salivar (b) estômago (c) fígado (d) pâncreas.

165. Qual dos seguintes dispositivos é usado para localizar objetos submersos no mar?

(a) sonar (b) radar (c) laser (d) maser.

166. O metal que tem a mais alta condutividade elétrica é.

(a) cobre (b) alumínio (c) prata (d) chumbo.

167. As algas marinhas são ricas em qual das seguintes?

(a) flúor (b) cloro (c) bromo (d) iodo.

168. O papel da água pesada em um reator nuclear é o de um.

(a) refrigerante (b) combustível (c) moderador (d) smasher atômico.

169. A Lei do Direito à Informação foi aprovada no ano.

170. Numa economia, a relação entre o valor do dinheiro e o nível de preços é.

(a) Direto (b) Inverso (c) Proporcional (d) Estável.

171. Por que as minas de Khetri são famosas em Rajasthan?

(a) Cobre (b) Mica (c) Bauxita (d) Calcário.

172. A Grande Stupa em Sanchi está no estado de.

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Arunachal Pradesh.

(d) Andhra Pradesh.

173. Em áreas montanhosas a água ferve a uma temperatura mais baixa porque.

(a) está frio em áreas montanhosas.

(b) há menos dióxido de carbono nas áreas montanhosas.

(d) há menos oxigênio nas áreas montanhosas.

174. A que temperatura as escalas Fahrenheit e Celsius têm a mesma leitura?

a) 40 o (b) -40 o (c) -34 o (d) -140 o.

175. Dois cubos de gelo quando pressionados um contra o outro se comportam como um por causa de.

(a) Van Der Waals Force (b) Momento dipolo.

176. Na agitação do leite, o creme se separa por causa de.

(a) Força de atrito (b) Força centrífuga (c) Força gravitacional.

(d) forças viscosas.

177. Uma carga elétrica em movimento produz.

(a) campo magnético (b) ondas sonoras (c) raios de luz.

178. _________ é comumente conhecido como aspirina.

(a) Ácido salicílico (b) Salicilato (c) Salicilato de metilo.

(d) ido acetilsalicico.

179. O que são os pulsares?

(a) estrelas que se movem em direção à terra (b) estrelas que se afastam da terra (c) estrelas que giram rapidamente (d) estrelas de alta temperatura.

180. Qual das seguintes causas causa varíola?

(a) Vírus da rubéola (b) Vírus variola (c) Vírus da varicela.

181. Qual é a natureza da imagem formada por uma lente côncava?

(a) real e ereto (b) virtual e ereto (c) real e invertido.

(d) virtual e invertido.

182. Qual isótopo do urânio é usado na produção de energia atômica?

(a) U-235 (b) U-238 (c) U-234 (d) U-236.

183. __________é um dos constituintes do gás lacrimogêneo.

(a) Etano (b) Etanol (c) Éter (d) Cloropicrina.

184. Em células eucarióticas, a membrana celular é composta de.

(a) Fosfolipio (b) Lipoprotea.

185. ________ foi o fundador da dinastia Sayyid.

a) Ibrahim Lodi b) Sikandar Lodi c) Bahlol Lodi.

186. Micose é uma doença causada por um.

(a) Bactérias (b) Protozoários (c) Vírus (d) Fungos.

187. Onde está localizada a glândula pitutária?

(a) a base do coração (b) a base do cérebro.

188. Em que sessão do Congresso foi feita a promessa de “Purna Swaraj”?

(a) Calcutá (b) Lahore (c) Allahabad (d) Madras.

189. Neblina consiste em.

(a) Gás disperso em Ar (b) Líquido disperso em Ar (c) Sólido disperso em Gás (d) Sólido disperso em Líquido.

190. Com qual dos seguintes itens a lei de Lambert está relacionada?

(a) Reflexão (b) Refração (c) Interferência (d) Iluminação.

191. O Governador Geral associado à abolição de sati foi.

(a) Senhor Wavell (b) Senhor Dalhousie (c) Senhor Wellesley.

(d) Lord William Bentick.

192. _____________ é o órgão máximo que aprova os Planos Quinquenais.

(a) Comissão de Planejamento (b) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento.

c) O Gabinete da União (d) Ministério das Finanças.

193. Onde Buda pregou seu primeiro sermão?

(a) Gaya (b) Sarnath (c) Pataliputra (d) Vaishali.

194. Uma necessidade se torna uma demanda.

(a) quando é apoiada pela capacidade de compra.

(b) quando é apoiado pela necessidade de comprar.

(d) quando é apoiada pela utilidade do produto.

195. Jan Gan Man foi cantado pela primeira vez na sessão de Calcutá do Congresso Nacional Indiano em.

196. Qual dos seguintes é o agente branqueador mais comumente usado?

(a) álcool (b) dióxido de carbono (c) cloro (d) Cloreto de sódio.

197. Animais que vivem em troncos de árvores são conhecidos como.

(a) Arbórea (b) Volante (c) Anfíbia (d) Aquática.

198. Organize as dinastias de Delhi Sultanate na ordem cronológica:

1. Tughlaq 2. Lodis 3. Saiyyad.

4. Ilbari Turk (Salve) 5. Khilji.

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (c) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1.

199. Quem entre os seguintes foi o autor do livro ‘The Indian War of Independence’?

(a) Krishna Verma (b) Madame Carna (c) B. G. Tilak

200. Quando dois países trocam mercadorias, é conhecido como.

(a) Balança comercial (b) Comércio bilateral (c) Volume de comércio.

d) Comércio multilateral.

201. Qual dos seguintes itens é usado para evitar a erosão do solo em encostas?

(a) Florestamento (b) Rotação de culturas (c) Registro de água.

d) Agricultura de contorno.

202. O termo "Geografia" foi criado por.

(a) Ptolomeu (b) Eratosthenese (c) Hacataus (d) Heródoto.

203. _____________ é conhecido como o "ponto quente ecológico da Índia"?

a) Gates ocidentais b) Gates orientais c) Himalaia ocidental.

204. Qual dos seguintes pode ser usado para determinar a idade da Terra?

(a) Escala Geológica de Tempo (b) Namoro Radio-Métrico.

c) Método de gravidade (d) Método de fossilização.

205. Quem dentre os seguintes derrotou Harshvardhana?

a) Prabhakaravardhana b) Pulopsin II.

c) Narasimhasvarma Pallava (d) Sasanka.

206. O imperador mogol era analfabeto.

(a) Jahangir (b) ShahJahan (c) Akbar (d) Aurangazeb.

207. Quando a Índia alcançou o "Status do Domínio"?

(a) 15 de janeiro de 1947 (b) 15 de agosto de 1947.

208. Qual dos seguintes países pertenceu a Karl Marx?

(a) Alemanha (b) Holanda (c) França (d) Grã-Bretanha.

209. A origem do termo "Caste" é.

(a) Português (b) Holandês (c) Alemão (d) Inglês.

210. O que é um sistema formalizado de acordos comerciais entre grupos de países é conhecido como?

(a) Blocos de negociação (b) Trade ventures (c) Parceiros comerciais.

d) Organizações comerciais.

Conhecimento de preparação-geral de SSC (SSC CGL Preparation-GK)

1. Paleontologia é o estudo de [A] Fósseis [B] Rochas [C] Solo [D] Árvore.

2. Quando a poeira penetra no olho, a parte que fica inflamada e rosada é a [A] Córnea [B] Coróide [C] Conjuntiva [D] Esclerótica.

3. O ópio é uma parte de [A] Estômago [B] Cinturão peitoral [C] Cintura pélvica [D] Intestino delgado.

4. Os poros nas folhas através dos quais a água líquida escorre às vezes são chamados [A] Hidatodos [B] Lenticels [C] Phyllopores [D] Stomata.

5. Algumas sementes ricas em óleo podem ser armazenadas por longos períodos sem qualquer alteração no teor de óleo devido à presença de [A] Antioxidantes [B] Gorduras [C] Proteínas [D] Carboidratos.

6. O ópio é um produto vegetal obtido de [A] folhas secas [B] secas de látex [C] raízes [D] casca do caule.

7. Os materiais que são repelidos fracamente por ímanes são designados por materiais [A] paramagnéticos [B] materiais diamagnéticos [C] materiais ferromagnéticos [D] materiais a magnéticos.

8. Qual é a distância da visão distinta & # 8217; para olho normal? [A] 12,5 cm [B] 25 cm [C] 37,5 cm [D] 50 cm.

9. Um corpo que é um bom absorvedor de calor é também um [A] bom radiador [B] mau radiador [C] bom refletor [D] não pode ser previsto.

10. Fibras ópticas são baseadas em qual dos seguintes fenômenos? [A] Interferência [B] Dispersão [C] Difração [D] Reflexão Interna Total.

11. Qual dos seguintes é usado como um mordente no tingimento? [A] Sal de alumínio [B] Sal de cromo [C] Sal de cobre [D] Todas as alternativas acima.

12. Materiais semicondutores são [A] Silício e Platina [B] Silício e Germânio [C] Germânio e Carbono [D] Platina e Carbono.

13. Cadeia Alimentar está presente em [A] Ecossistema da Lagoa [B] Ecossistema Marinho [C] Ecossistema Florestal [D] Todas as alternativas acima.

14. Efeito estufa no ambiente é devido ao aumento de [A] Dióxido de carbono [B] Monóxido de carbono [C] Oxigênio [D] Dióxido de enxofre.

15. Qual dos seguintes fenômenos é considerado associado ao aquecimento global? [A] Oscilação do Sul [B] El Niño [C] La Niña [D] Nino Modoki.

16. O planeta mais próximo do Sol é [A] Vênus [B] Marte [C] Mercúrio [D] Júpiter.

17. Qual dos seguintes é chamado de anfíbio no reino vegetal? [A] Bryophyta [B] Pteridophyta [C] Algas [D] Fungos.

18. Encontre o estranho fora. [A] Tapeworm [B] Micose [C] Ancilostomídeo [D] Verme da Guiné.

19. Darkening property of photochromic glass is due to presence of [A]silver nitrate [B]silver chloride [C]silver bromide [D]silver oxide.

20. Supersonic aircrafts discharge the following substances into the stratosphere: [A]CO2 [B]H2 [C]NOx [D]Sox.

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10 107. Epidemiological Approaches Pedigree Analysis Nonparametric Approaches Alzheimer's Disease Bipolar I Disorder Schizophrenia Tourette's Disorder Aggression Suggested Cross-References In recent years genetic mapping techniques have been used to identify the underlying defects responsible for a number of important diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease; such techniques are becoming increasingly important in studies of the psychiatric disorders as well, partly because attempts to find causes for these disorders using biochemical approaches have been largely unsuccessful.

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Pertussis and purified o harvests of human poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 or a suitable quantity of a trivalent pool of such purified monovalent harvests. Only about 20 of these cases are preterm PROM. The RF subsystem has a transmit path and two independent receive paths. 3 2. Special computational techniques are used to take into account electron correlation, which arises from instantaneous interactions frading electrons as they move closer to and farther from each other in molecule or molecular cluster.

Perhaps the connection between artificially evolved agents and the real world can be further intensified in the near future via connections between computational systems and chemical laboratories. In this third experiment you dont postpone spinning the second wheel until the first wheel hits the target. 1800 Erythromycini estolas. Mol Genet Genomics 273: 491496, 2005.

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14 Translation for surface hardening a ball-bearing race and potential process - sensitive defects Function Objective Constraints Foemalised variable Ball-bearing race Minimize cost Material: alloy steel Function of treatment: hardening for fatigue and wear resistance Curved surface coverage: good Precision and surface finish not compromised Choice of surface treatment process and process operating conditions Technical constraints Defects Cracks Influencingsurface Residual stress toughness and fatigue resistance Table 18.

And on 16 January (Resolution 1390), the Security Council modi - fied its sanctions on the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and Osama bin Lad - en, holding that all states should freeze the economic resources of these individuals, organization, and former regime, prevent their entry amobg or transit through knonw territories, and prevent the sup - ply, sale, and transfer of arms and related material to them. The C3a and C5a receptors that promote the inflammatory responses upon complement activation have so far only been identified in pf they are G-protein coupled receptors whose genes are also found on the Kasahara paralogues (C3aR, Chr 12p13; C5aR, Chr 19q13) ( Fig.

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The chip implementation adheres to the original design. IEE Proceedings 129 (part A): 639645. Recently, which is defined tradibg the frequency deviation (fd). MAIN Ideas draw you into more specific details about Earth science. 7)-(10. (We go from F, to F, z when the units are squared. J Endourol 2001; 15: 597599. The potential for rehabilitation with this procedure is excellent. Many letter writers concluded that since I had worked on the possibility of extrater - restrial life, I must 'believe' in UFOs; or conversely that, if I was sceptical about UFOs, I must embrace the absurd belief that humans are the only intelligent beings in the Universe.

5mgl, chlorine is effective against most bacteria. Linear, two compartment pharmacokinetics are usually observed although the formaliesd distribution kinetics are very rapid and may not always be captured. This was one of the effects of Locke's commitment to the necessity of communi - cation. The serotypes of the isolates in some clusters of related Wht are shown (modified from [27]).

The authors further assessed the inhibitory effects of neomycin B on Rev-RRE binding by exposing a solution of QD-conjugates to increasing concentration of Rev-peptide in the presence of a fixed concentration of neomycin B; for this a fixed QD-RRE conjugate concentration with a given aver - age RRE-to-QD ratio were used in the assay. The common denominator of these formaliesd of order is the centrality of human action and fate in the universe, that is, the historical order.

Introduction 441 2. 3, we obtain a high-pass filter. Bioreac - tors are systems consisting of a large number of cells that take in an input of reactants and output foemalised set of products. Profile in blade Conduction in blade Cooling gas temp. The basic concept of parity is very straightforward, but there are variations on the fundamental idea. Eine intraoperative Radiotherapie (IORT) mit schnellen Elektronen hilfreich sein. 2 Important Compounds Elemental tellurium is insoluble in water, benzene, and carbon sulfide.

[38] T. 1 M HCl 0. Interventions are very close to the conscious material provided by the patient. 248 Cambridge Companions Online В© Cambridge University Press, 2006 Appendix B Glossary ActiveX control: A reusable software component that can be added to an application, reducing development time in the process.

You can also summon the Go To command by double-clicking the page number on the status bar. and Kennelly, P. Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urogenital tract of patients with chronic prostatitis or related sympto - matology. 12A, Academic Press, New York (pp. Thank you for the comment and I really formmalised you all the bestThese guys are what is a formalised system of trading agreements among groups of countries is known as slick.

Industrial psychology The application of psychological principles to such matters as personnel selection; increasing employee productivity; equipment de - sign; and marketing, advertising, and packaging of products. CAP Today, September 2003. Chapter 18: Updating SUSE and Adding New Software 277 Figure 18-2: You can configure YOU for fully automatic updates.

(B) The time courses of CBF changes relative to the control value (the CBF value measured before the injection of glucose) in the three representative ROIs.

We will review applications of nanotube-based membrane systems to problems that are both basic and applied in nature. Zanzonico PB (2000) Age-dependent thyroid absorbed doses for radiobiologically sig - nificant radioisotopes of iodine.

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COMPETITION4JOB.

Wednesday, May 19, 2010.

staff selection commission tier one exam morrning shift general knowledge paper.

Ans. Acetic acid.

Ans. Boiling point of heavy water is lower than that of ordinary water.

Ans. shear stress to shearing strain.

Ans. Virtual and erect.

Ans. Vitamin B12.

Ans: chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile.

Ans Leo Tolstoy.

Ans. V. D. Savarkar.

Ans. Cultural Unity and historical spread of the Culture of India beyond the Indian.

This question can be better answered if we know the options.

Ans 82.5 E longitude.

Ans. Pankaj Advani.

Ans: direct and indirect.

ans. Planning Commission.

ans. Indian Administrative Service.

ans. Irish Constitution.

Ans. alpha Centauri.

Ans. Matrix Method.

Ans . Reserve Bank of India.

Ans. Treasury bill.

Ans. Multilateral Trade.

Ans. Mitchell Johnson.

Ans: they generate ultrasonic sound waves.

We would be uploading remaining questions. but in the mean time if you can send us as many questions as you can then it would help us in preparing the SSC answer key fast.

SSC PORTAL.

SSC CGL (Tier - 1) Previous Year Solved Paper - 2010.

Subject: General Awareness.

1. A concave lens always forms an image which is.

(a) real and erect.

(b) virtual and erect.

(d) virtual and inverted.

2. A vitamin requires cobalt for its activity. The vitamin is.

3. One of the constituents of tear gas is.

4. The modulus of rigidity is the ratio of.

(a) longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain.

(b) Volume stress to volume strain.

(d) tensile stress to tensile strain.

5. The propagation of sound waves in a gas involves.

(a) adiabatic compression and rarefaction.

(b) isothermal compression and rarefaction.

(d) isobaric compression and rarefaction.

6. An atomic clock is based on transitions in.

7. Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of.

8. Which one of the following is also called the ‘power plants’ of the cell ?

9. What is the chemical name of vinegar ?

10. Which of the following is not a property of heavy water’?

(a) Boiling point of heavy water is lower than that or ordinary water.

(b) Density of heavy water is higher than that of ordinary water.

(d) It produces corrosion.

11. In which of the following processes is energy released ?

12. Animals living in the three trunks are known as.

13. Arrange the following in chronological order:

14. The book titled ‘The Indian War of Independence’ was written by.

(a) Krishna Verma.

15. Who was the founder of the ‘Servants of India Society’?

(d) Bipin Chandra Pal.

16. The term ‘Caste’ was derived from.

17. The term “Greater India” denotes.

(a) Political unity.

(b) Cultural unity.

18. Formalised system of trading agreements with groups of countries is known as.

(a) Trading blocks.

(b) Trade ventures.

(d) Trade organizations.

19. Mahatma Gandhi was profoundly influenced by the writings of.

20. Seismic sea waves which approach the coasts at greater force are known as:

21. Depression formed due to deflating action of winds are called:

22. The land of maximum biodiversity is.

23. If input frequency of a full wave rectifier be n, then output frequency would be:

24. Heat transfer horizontally within the atmosphere is called.

25. Indian Standard Time relates to.

(a) 75.5º E longitude.

(b) 82.5º E longitude.

26. Who is rightly called the “Father of Local Self Government” in India ?

27. The Directive Principles of State Policy was adopted from the.

(a) British Constitution.

(b) Swiss Constitution.

(d) Irish Constitution.

28. Which is the second nearest star to the Earth after the Sun ?

(d) Alpha Centauri.

29. The two forms of democracy are.

(a) Parliamentary and Presidential.

(b) Direct and Indirect.

(d) Parliamentary and King.

30. Which is an extra-Constitutional body ?

(a) Language Commission.

(b) Planning Commission.

(d) Finance Commission.

31. The Prime Minister of India is.

32. Which is not an All India Service?

(a) Indian Administration Service.

(b) Indian Police Service.

(d) Indian Forest Service.

33. The forest in Sunderban is called.

34. Noise is measured in.

35. Who among the following captured his third consecutive National Billiards title in the year 2009.

(a) Pankaj Advani.

(d) Dhruv Sitawala.

36. The Messenger Satellite launched by NASA is to study.

37. What was the name of the ship that sank near the Paradip Port in September, 2009 causing an oil spill?

38. Who among the following has been honoured with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2007?

(b) Ustsad Amjad Ali Khan.

(d) A. Nageshwara Rao.

39. An Intelligent terminal.

(a) has a microprocessor, but cannot be programmed by the user.

(b) can process small data processing jobs, with the use of a large CPU.

(d) cannot take data from the user.

40. Which one of the following is not a method of estimating National Income ?

(a) Expenditure method.

(b) Product method.

(d) Income method.

41. The monetary policy is India is formulated by.

(a) Central Government.

(b) Industrial Financial Corporation of India.

(d) Industrial Development Bank of India.

42. A short-term government security paper is called.

(d) Treasury bill.

43. WTO basically promotes.

(a) Financial support.

(d) Multilateral trade.

44. Under which market condition do firms have excess capacity ?

(a) Perfect competition.

(b) Monopolistic competition.

45. Price theory is also known as.

(a) Macro Economics.

(b) Development Economics.

(d) Micro Economics.

46. At present, India is following.

(a) Fixed exchange rate.

(b) Floating exchange rate.

(d) Pegged down exchange rate.

47. Who among the following won the ‘ICC Cricketer of the Year Award’ for the year 2009 ?

(b) Gautam Gambhir.

(d) Tillakaratne Dilshan.

48. The bats can fly in the dark because.

(a) they can see the objects in darkness.

(b) they have weak legs and are likely to be attacked by predators.

(d) they generate ultrasonic sound waves.

49. What changes will happen to a bowl of ice and water kept at exactly zero degree Celsius ?

Bilateral and Multilateral Co-operation.

Bilateral and multilateral relationships in the Commonwealth.

Formalised relations of Commonwealth countries, including economic, political and cultural, run along bilateral or multilateral lines – ‘bilateral’ referring to ties between two states and ‘multilateral’ referring to relationships of more than two states, often within an intergovernmental organisation such as the UN.

Bilaterally, by virtue of their shared past Commonwealth countries maintain strong ties with one another, with every one of the 53 member countries having at the least a high commission* in another Commonwealth country. Commonwealth countries have also established lasting partnerships with other countries in their respective regions and beyond, some of which have resulted in embassies, trade treaties and aid.

Multilaterally, such is the extent of the Commonwealth that not only is its membership involvement evident in various closed and issue-based institutions such as the G8, G20, Security Council, OPEC, OECD and BRICS but also in virtually all regional-based institutions worldwide from ASEAN in Asia to CARICOM in the Caribbean. Naturally, extensive Commonwealth member involvement is found in global organisations such as the UN, WTO and IMF.

* High commission defines an embassy of a Commonwealth country in another.

Bilateral relationships in the Commonwealth.

It is impossible to sum up the full extent of bilateral relationships in the Commonwealth. However some characteristics remain apparent such as the continued and evolving existence of Commonwealth, regional, trade and aid links.

Commonwealth countries have bilateral ties with each other founded on strong historical links – in most the common use of the English language, common standards and culture inherited from their colonial past. Today, each Commonwealth country maintains permanent diplomatic ties with at least one other Commonwealth country. There is evidence of these links even in economic matters. Commonwealth countries traded around US$4 trillion worth of goods in 2008. Intra-Commonwealth trade accounts for about one-sixth of total Commonwealth trade, with an average for each member state of around one-third.

Bilateral relations with a neighbouring country often form the most significant part of any country’s forays into the international arena. This is also true for most Commonwealth countries who naturally maintain close political, cultural and economic ties with their neighbouring counterparts, whether they are Commonwealth or not. In the Caribbean, East and Southern Africa, the Pacific and South Asia, Commonwealth membership concentration is very high. This means that Commonwealth countries in these regions are mostly surrounded by other Commonwealth countries – a point which highlights the ties that bind the Commonwealth.

For many Commonwealth countries, many of which are developing, international markets present opportunities for them to trade their way into prosperity. When discounting regional trade links a select list of countries are of importance to Commonwealth countries in matters regarding bilateral trade. These countries will often feature in the top five trading partner lists of Commonwealth countries. They are, in no particular order China, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Aid is of strategic importance to most Commonwealth member countries, developed and developing. Aid has helped strengthen bilateral ties along diplomatic, cultural, developmental, humanitarian and commercial lines. Most donor countries channel bilateral aid through an aid agency. The most recognisable aid agencies in Commonwealth countries are AUSAID (Australia), USAID (USA), SIDA (Sweden), DFID (UK), CIDA (Canada), NZAID (New Zealand), DANIDA (Denmark), GTZ (Germany) and JICA (Japan). Other donors not necessarily known through a recognisable aid agency include the EU, the Netherlands, Finland, Norway and China.

Multilateral relationships in the Commonwealth.

Multilateralism, with respect to Commonwealth countries, can be divided into four themes*, which are regional, economic (excluding trade), trade and political.

Regionally there are eight groupings of varying significance to Commonwealth member states: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), East African Community (EAC), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), European Union (EU), Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and Pacific Islands Forum (PIF). SADC, CARICOM, EAC and PIF are almost exclusively Commonwealth in terms of composition. Notably, the EU has its own elected parliament and EU members operate under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights in matters regarding the European Convention on Human Rights. All these regional organisations could be considered geographically as sub-continental – even the EU excludes significant parts of Europe. The continental bodies which are relevant to Commonwealth countries in terms membership are the Council of Europe, the African Union (AU) and the Organization of American States (OAS), which are in any case all the continental bodies in the world.

Politically, a number of organisations have played a major part in the international affairs of Commonwealth countries. They include the UN, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the regional groupings mentioned above and of course the Commonwealth itself. Since the end of the Cold war and the emergence of a new economic order a number of Commonwealth member countries have agglomerated into newer groupings. The G8 which is made up of some eight large economies includes Commonwealth member states UK and Canada. The BRICS which is made up five of the most significant emerging economies includes Commonwealth member states India and South Africa. BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) are also collectively campaigning for permanent seats on the UN Security Council for all their members. Notably, the UK is the only Commonwealth member state on the Security Council.

Along with the regional bodies that have been mentioned, numerous international organisations coordinate widely on economic matters; the most prominent of which are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. On a continental level, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) are also of measurable importance to developing Commonwealth economies in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. Australia, India, UK, Canada and South Africa are part of the G20 grouping which brings together 20 systemically important industrialised and developing economies which coordinate on the international financial system. There is also the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) which includes in its 21-strong membership seven Commonwealth countries; the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA); the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) which includes industrialised members of the Commonwealth; and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) of which Nigeria is the only Commonwealth member. A number of economic forms of multilateralism are institutionally based on monetary unions. The EU has the most prominence worldwide with its common monetary system and currency, the euro, which is used by Commonwealth member states Cyprus and Malta. African state Cameroon is a member of the Coopération financière en Afrique centrale (CFA) which uses the CFA franc as its currency. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, six countries fall under one monetary and currency union administered by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank: Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines.

Virtually all Commonwealth countries are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which supervises and liberalises international trade. A number of Commonwealth countries have formed coalitions with other non-Commonwealth countries in the WTO. These coalitions often speak with one voice using a single coordinator or negotiating team. The most active coalitions of relevance to the Commonwealth are the EU, the Cairns Group, the least developed countries group, APEC, G-33 the African Caribbean and Pacific group and the two Small, vulnerable economies (SVEs) groups working on fisheries and non-agricultural market access. Commonwealth countries also exist to an extent within eight regional trading blocs which follow the structure and composition of the regional bodies discussed above. Additionally, Canada is a member of a regional trade organisation which includes non-Commonwealth members Mexico and the United States, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

* These distinctions are not hard and fast but mainly for illustrative purposes.

Commonwealth initiatives.

In November 2007 at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kampala leaders agreed that the current architecture of international institutions such as the UN, World Bank and IMF no longer responds adequately to the challenges of the 21st Century. This culminated into the 2008 Marlborough House Statement on Reform of International Institutions. The statement challenges its members to accelerate initiatives to reform the way in which international institutions respond to climate change, security, political, humanitarian and global financial crises. The Statement ends declaring “We intend, individually and collectively, to carry forward our reform agenda to relevant international forums. We will seek to enlarge the breadth of international commitment to our Commonwealth reform agenda, and call on others to join us in this endeavour.”

Commonwealth office at the UN.

The Joint Office for Commonwealth Permanent Missions to the United Nations is a base for envoys from eleven Commonwealth countries to work out of and represent their respective states at the United Nations (UN).

Located on 800 2nd Avenue, The Joint Office for Commonwealth Permanent Missions to the United Nations is made up of small countries from Africa, Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean. Three Secretariat staff members and representatives from each of the eleven small states share the nineteen thousand square foot office.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, when several of the small states in the Pacific and Asia became independent, one of their objectives was to join the UN. Commonwealth countries in those regions suggested a single office for representatives from these small states. This was seen as an alternative to those countries setting up new Missions – representations to inter-governmental agencies – in New York. Therefore, in 1983, Australia provided the initial funding for the Secretariat to establish the New York office.

The benefits to smaller states like Samoa and the Solomon Islands soon attracted other countries. In 1985, at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Nassau, Bahamas, Heads of Government requested that the Secretary-General explore the possibility of extending the facility to other Commonwealth small states.

The eleven small states that currently have emissaries working from the New York Office are Dominica, The Gambia, Grenada , Maldives, Nauru, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, The Seychelles, The Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Leia mais aqui.